Samfelld skynjun: Hlutverk eftiráhrifa í sjónskynjun - verkefni lokið
Fréttatilkynning verkefnisstjóra
Kenningar um sjónskynjun gera ráð fyrir því að við beitum ómeðvituðum
ályktunum um heiminn til þess að skilja sjónumhverfið. Þessar ómeðvituðu ályktanir endurspegla væntingar okkar um heiminn. Þessar væntingar byggja á fyrri reynslu, og yfir höfuð þá gerum við ráð fyrir að það sé samfella í skynheiminum. Þannig er skynjun okkar á sjónumhverfinu hverju sinni mótuð sterklega af því sem við höfum nýverið séð.
Svokölluð raðhrif í sjónskynjun (e. serial dependence) hafa mikið verið rannsökuð á undaförnum árum, en þau felast í að skynjun okkar á áreitum dregst í áttina að áreitum sem við höfum nýverið séð. Þannig kann lína sem hallar 45° að virðast halla í áttina að hallalínu sem bristist skömmu áður. Rannsóknir hafa sýnt að athyglin skiptir miklu máli um hvernig þessi raðhrif virka. Niðurstöður okkar í heild sýna niðurstöðurnar hvernig mismunandi samhengi og athyglisvirkni leika stórt hlutverk í því hvernig raðhrif í sjónskynjun virka. Þessar niðurstöður eru afar mikilvægar fyrir skilning okkar á því hvernig sjónkerfið vinnur, og geta nýst við hönnun okkar á búnaði til þess að hjálpa fólki með skerta sjónskynjun.
English:
When we are viewing the environment around us, we are faced with an overwhelming continuous stream of information, everything cannot be processed at once, the perceptual system must pick and choose. We must direct our attention and select stimuli of interest while ignoring or discarding irrelevant information in order to solve daily tasks and problems. Prior assumptions and expectations of our visual environment provide additional aid: For example, by assuming that objects and their defining features are stable entities which are maintained over time and taking advantage of such stability and regularities over time. Additionally, maintaining representational maps containing predictions of relevant or irrelevant locations or features associated with objects further eases the task of sorting the vast amounts of continuous visual information. A vast number of history-driven biases in attention and behavior have been demonstrated experimentally to improve performance when locating and discriminating between visual stimuli. Our results from this project demonstrate how perception is smoothed, and perceptual decisions of present stimuli are influenced by past stimuli within a spatial and temporal continuity field. Furthermore, our
results show that attention is a crucial factor in this, perceptual decisions of attended stimuli
is attracted towards previously attended stimuli. Overall, our results show that task demands,
attentional facilitation and filtering processes have an important and nuanced role in serial
dependence.
Information on how the results will be applied:
The research within the project belongs to the realm of basic research, where the aim is the
understanding of mechanisms rather than direct application. Understanding how the visual
system works is a prerequisite for any application. We foresee that our results will be of
importance in developing assistive devices for the visually impaired, the application of
artificial intelligence approaches to understanding visual perception, as well as the
understanding of various disorders such as in mental illness (f.e. recently there is increased
interest in perceptual disturbances in mental disorders, such as Scizophrenia) and
perceptual dysfunctions following brain damage (e.g. hemispatial neglect) or
neurodegenerative disease (e.g. Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease).
A list of the project's outputs:
Houborg, C., Pascucci, D., Tanrikulu, Ö.D. Kristjánsson, Á. (2023). The effects of visual
distractors on serial dependence. Journal of Vision, 23(12), 1–16.
Houborg, C., Kristjánsson, Á., Tanrikulu, Ö.D. & Pascucci, D. (2023). The role of secondary
features in serial dependence. Journal of Vision, 23(21), 1-16.
Pascucci, D., Tanrikulu, Ö.D., Ozkirli, A., Houborg, C., Ceylan, G., Zerr, P., Rafiei, M. &
Kristjánsson, Á. (2023). Serial dependence in visual perception: A review. Journal of
Vision, 23(1):9.
Tanrikulu, Ö.D., Pascucci, D. & Kristjánsson, Á. (2023). Stronger serial dependence in the
depth plane than the fronto-parallel plane between realistic objects: Evidence from
virtual reality. Journal of Vision, 23, (20).
Blondé, P., Kristjánsson, Á. & Pascucci, D. (2023). Tuning perception and decisions to
temporal context. iScience, 26, 108008.
Pascucci, D., Ceylan, G. & Kristjánsson, Á. (2022). Feature distribution learning by passive
exposure. Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105211.
Tanrikulu, Ö.D., Chetverikov, A., Hansmann-Roth, S. & Kristjánsson, Á. (2021). What kind
of empirical evidence is needed for probabilistic mental representations? An example
from visual perception. Cognition, 217, 104903.
Tanrikulu, Ö.D., Chetverikov, A. & Kristjánsson, Á. (2021). Testing temporal integration of
feature probability distributions using role-reversal effects in visual search. Vision
Research, 188, 211-226.
Kristjansson, A. (2023). Priming of probabilistic attentional templates. Psychonomic
Bulletin & Review, 30(1), 22-39
Heiti verkefnis: Samfelld
skynjun: Hlutverk eftiráhrifa í sjónskynjun - Continuity
in perception: Contrasting serial dependence, aftereffects and learning of
feature distributions of ignored information
Verkefnisstjóri: Árni Kristjánsson, Háskóla
Íslands
Tegund styrks: Verkefnisstyrkur
Styrktímabil: 2020-2022
Fjárhæð styrks kr. 56.273.500
Tilvísunarnúmer Rannsóknasjóðs: 207045
